ER-Golgi dynamics of HS-modifying enzymes via vesicular trafficking is a critical prerequisite for the delineation of HS biosynthesis

The cell surface and extracellular matrix polysaccharide, heparan sulfate (HS) conveys chemical information to control crucial biological processes. HS chains are synthesized in a non-template driven process mainly the Golgi apparatus, involving large number of enzymes capable subtly modifying its substitution pattern, hence, interactions effects. Changes localization HS-modifying throughout were found correlate with changes structure HS, rather than protein expression levels. Following BFA treatment, localized preferentially COPII vesicles at trans-Golgi. Shortly after heparin enzyme moved from cis trans-Golgi, which coincided increased sulfation. Finally, it was shown that COPI subunits Sec24 gene changed. Collectively, these findings demonstrate knowledge ER-Golgi dynamics via vesicular trafficking is critical prerequisite for complete delineation biosynthesis.